• Quantification and modeling of subsidence and related land-surface deformation through integrated data synthesis, backstripping, and numerical models, combining geologic, hydrogeologic, and reservoir information to build coherent subsidence narratives [12][8][9][13][19][15].

• Coastal subsidence and sea-level interactions emerge as key drivers, illustrated by Louisiana coast studies and Eromanga Basin buffering; emphasis on sedimentation, deducing regional subsidence patterns that shape coastal vulnerability [14][20][13].

• Geomorphology/topography provides a unifying framework for erosion and subsidence interplay: DEM-based valley/channel recognition, drainage density, and surface roughness shaping processes and landform evolution [10][2][7][3].

• Uncertainty quantification and risk-aware approaches underpin subsidence studies, including porosity/sedimentation uncertainties, stochastic boundary analyses, and data-collection biases [15][18][12].